Key Takeaways

  • Layering is essential because temperatures change quickly on the Everest Base Camp trek. Pack moisture-wicking base layers, warm mid-layers, and waterproof outer layers.
  • Keep your pack light to meet the 15 kg Lukla flight limit and porter restrictions. Rent heavy gear locally when possible.
  • Good hiking boots, proper socks, and a warm sleeping bag (–10°C to –20°C) are critical for comfort and safety.
  • Kathmandu offers affordable gear rentals, and many tour operators provide reliable equipment, helping reduce cost and luggage weight.
  • Stay healthy by carrying water purification, basic medication, hand sanitizer, and high-energy snacks to handle altitude and long trekking days.

The Everest Base Camp (EBC) trek is a 12–15 day journey up to about 5,364 meters. Packing carefully is crucial for comfort, safety, and meeting weight limits on small flights. For example, flights from Kathmandu to Lukla (the start of the trek) allow only about 15 kg total per person (10 kg checked luggage + 5 kg carry-on). Keeping gear light and layered lets you enjoy the trek without extra baggage. In this guide, we cover all the essentials you need for EBC, from clothing and gear to electronics and food, including seasonal tips for colder or warmer months.

Packing List for Everest Base Camp

Packing appropriately for the Everest Base Camp trek is crucial due to varying weather conditions and altitude changes. The following sections detail recommended items across different categories.

Clothing Items

Layering is essential for the EBC trek, as temperatures can fluctuate significantly with altitude and time of day.

Base Layers:

You will need a couple of snug-fitting, long-sleeved vests and long johns or leggings as your base layers. These items primarily provide warmth and should be made from moisture-wicking synthetic fabrics like polyester, nylon, spandex, or lycra to keep you dry, unlike cotton which retains moisture and becomes heavy. Merino wool thermals are also an excellent choice. Ladies should consider moisture-wicking sports bras that are comfortable for extended wear.

Middle Layers:

  • Trekking Shirts: Lightweight, breathable trekking shirts are worn daily, mostly long-sleeved, but the ratio of short to long sleeves depends on the trekking season. Merino wool is recommended for its moisture-wicking properties.
  • Fleece Jacket: A good polar fleece or micro-fleece jacket is vital to wear over your trekking shirt for warmth, as fleece excels at trapping body heat. Fleece is lighter than wool, making it a preferred choice for a mid-layer.
  • Trekking Trousers: Daily wear will include trekking trousers, ideally with multiple pockets, especially zipped ones for easy access to items like lip balm. Zip-off pants are highly convenient for adapting to changing weather, allowing you to convert them to shorts without fully undressing. For warmer, lower parts of the trek, hiking shorts are also needed if you don’t have zip-off trousers. Dark trekking pants can help conceal dirt.

Outer Layers:

  • Insulating Jacket: A down winter jacket is highly recommended for its excellent insulation and lightweight properties. If opting for a synthetic jacket, ensure it provides adequate warmth for its weight. A jacket with a detachable hood and closed pockets is a good option. This is an item where investing in quality is important, as it can be expensive but will last.
  • Waterproof Trousers/Overpants: Lightweight overpants are useful to slip on over trekking trousers during rain or unexpected weather changes when it’s not extremely cold. Ski trousers are suitable for very cold, rainy, or snowy days as they are warm, insulating, and waterproof, though they might be too warm for everyday wear.

Socks

Proper socks are critical to prevent cold feet and blisters. Avoid new socks and cotton socks, which retain moisture.

  • Hiking Socks: Look for comfort, cushioning, flat seams, and moisture-wicking capabilities. Merino wool hiking socks are breathable and warm.
  • Thermal Socks: Bring at least two pairs of thermal socks for higher altitudes and colder months.
  • Sock Liners: These thin inner socks offer extra warmth and reduce friction. They are often made from synthetic material for moisture-wicking and should be long enough to prevent bunching. Two pairs are suggested for rotation.

Footwear

  • Hiking Boots: A good pair of comfortable, light or mid-weight, waterproof hiking boots with excellent grip is essential. Backpacking boots offer the most support, but hiking boots are also suitable, especially for new hikers, as they require less break-in time and still provide decent ankle support.
  • Lightweight Trainers: A pair of lightweight sneakers is useful for relaxing in the evenings at camp.

Headwear & Handwear

  • Warm Hat: A fleece or down beanie is essential, especially in the evenings, as significant body heat is lost through the head. An aviator hat or ear muffs can provide additional ear protection.
  • Sunhat or Sports Cap: Crucial for sun protection, as UV exposure increases significantly at higher elevations. A sunhat with a drawstring is preferred over a sports cap for neck protection and to prevent it from being blown away.
  • Neck Gaiter or Balaclava: These are versatile for neck warming, headbands, or beanies and can be pulled over the mouth and nose to protect against cold, dry air and help prevent the “Khumbu cough”.
  • Inner Gloves: Also known as thermal gloves or glove liners, these should be snug-fitting, moisture-wicking, and provide good dexterity.
  • Waterproof Gloves or Mittens: When selecting outer gloves, try them on over your inner gloves. While mittens offer more warmth, fingered gloves provide better dexterity during trekking.
  • Relaxation Clothes:
    Comfortable clothes like a long-sleeved fleece top and leggings, or a tracksuit, are needed for evenings at tea houses, as bedrooms are often unheated. Warm bed socks and winter slippers are also recommended.

Non-Clothing Items

  • Sleeping Bag: A four-season sleeping bag is recommended. It is advisable to choose one that can handle temperatures lower than expected, or a bag rated around -6º to -10ºC for autumn treks. Down sleeping bags are lightweight, compressible, and durable, while synthetic options are more affordable. Mummy-shaped bags are often preferred for warmth and weight efficiency. If renting, a sleeping bag liner is essential for hygiene.
  • Sleeping Bag Liner: These can be homemade from an old sheet or purchased as a thermal liner, offering additional warmth (up to 15 degrees). Silk or fleece liners are popular, with mummy-shaped liners being ideal for mummy sleeping bags.
  • Pillow Case: A personal pillowcase can be used over tea house pillows for better hygiene.
  • Backpack/Day Pack: A 30 to 50-litre backpack is suitable for carrying daily essentials like water, snacks, lip balm, sun cream, camera, and extra layers. It should have comfortable, wide shoulder and hip straps, a chest strap for stability, and ideally a mesh breathing panel to prevent a sweaty back. Side pockets and attachment straps for trekking poles are also beneficial.
  • Duffel Bag: A duffel bag with a capacity of around 65 liters is needed for porters to carry the bulk of your belongings, including your sleeping bag.
  • Rain Cover for Backpack: Essential for protecting your backpack and its contents from rain. It should be easily accessible and can be purchased cheaply or come built into the backpack.
  • Trekking Poles: These provide balance and confidence, especially on uneven terrain or river crossings, and can reduce strain on knees during descents. Adjustable poles made from lightweight materials like carbon fiber or aluminum are recommended.
  • Water Bottles/Hydration Bladder: Carry at least two liters of water, ideally three. A hydration bladder (e.g., CamelBak) built into your daypack with a sipping hose is generally preferred for constant hydration. A lightweight, leak-proof water bottle is also useful for carrying extra water or for use as a hot water bottle in your sleeping bag at night.
  • Microfibre Towel: A small, lightweight microfibre towel is recommended for quick drying, as it is highly absorbent and non-abrasive.
  • Dry Bags: Useful for keeping clothes and other items dry, especially if they get wet or damp. They come in various sizes and colors, which can help organize your packing.

Eyewear

  • Sunglasses: Category 2-4 sunglasses are needed. Ensure they offer broad-spectrum UV protection, as reflected rays from snow can be intense. Wrap-around sunglasses are good for preventing sun exposure from the sides.
  • Spare Sunglasses: A spare pair is advisable.
  • Reading Spectacles: If needed, bring reading glasses.

Electronics

  • Head Torch/Flashlight: Essential for navigating in the dark or during power outages. Choose one with an adjustable strap and pack spare batteries.
  • Phone/iPod/Kindle: For communication, entertainment, and reading.
  • Portable Charger and Adapter: A portable charger or power bank is necessary for electronic devices. Nepal uses types C, D, and M power sockets (230 V, 50 Hz), so an adapter may be needed. Solar power banks are an option, but their reliability depends on sunshine.
  • Charging Cables: For all electronic devices.
  • Universal Plug Adaptor: Useful for charging devices.
  • Garmin Inreach Mini: A satellite communication device can be valuable for safety.
  • Earphones: For listening to music, especially at night.

Sanitation

  • Hand Sanitizer: Small bottles of hand sanitizer are crucial for maintaining cleanliness, especially when clean water and facilities are limited.
  • Biodegradable Wet Wipes: Essential for personal hygiene on days without access to showers. Opt for eco-friendly options like bamboo wipes.
  • Small Biodegradable Bags: To properly dispose of used toilet tissue when facilities are unavailable on the mountain.
  • Biodegradable Soap: For cleaning when showers are available in the early parts of the trek.
  • Flip-flops: Useful for showering.

Other Toiletries

  • Sunscreen & Lip Block: Factor 50 sunblock is recommended, offering broad-spectrum protection against both UVB and UVA rays. Lip ice with at least Factor 30 is crucial for protecting lips from cold air, wind, and high UV rays.
  • Face Wash or Face Wipes: Face wipes are more convenient in remote villages lacking running water.
  • Hardworking Face Cream: To combat skin dryness from the frigid air near base camp.
  • Lubricant Eye Drops: To prevent eye irritation from cold air and winds.
  • Baby Powder: For sprinkling in boots to reduce odor and on hair roots if washing is not possible.
  • Dryer Sheets: For freshening up clothes and absorbing boot odors overnight.
  • Ear Plugs: Highly recommended due to thin walls in teahouses and potential noise from other trekkers.

Medication

It’s important to carry a personal first aid kit and consult with a medical professional regarding altitude sickness medication.

  • Anti-Diarrhoea Tablets: Such as Imodium, due to the risk of stomach issues from eating in different establishments.
  • Anti-inflammatories: For general aches and pains.
  • Throat Lozenges: To combat the “Khumbu cough” caused by cold, dry air.
  • Rehydration Sachets: To add electrolytes to water, especially on strenuous days.
  • Blister Plasters and Micropore Tape: For blisters and cuts.
  • Antiseptic Cream: For cuts or burst blisters.
  • Hypodermic Needle and Zinc Oxide Tape: For treating severe blisters.
  • Altitude Medications (e.g., Diamox): Bring in case of altitude sickness, but only use after consulting a medical professional.
  • Non-Drowsy Painkillers: High altitude can cause headaches.
  • Anti-Nausea Tablets: High altitude can also cause nausea.
  • Anti-Constipation Tablets: Eating at various places can lead to stomach upset.
  • Anti-Bacterial Medication: In case of stomach issues, such as Tinidazole or Ciprofloxacin, which can be purchased in Kathmandu.
  • Petroleum Jelly or Anti-Chafing Cream: To apply to areas prone to friction.
  • Multivitamin: To boost immunity.

Food

  • High-Energy Snacks: Bring some favorite snacks like protein bars, dried fruit and nuts, and sweets or mints for energy during the trek. Choose items that will not easily fall apart in a backpack. Familiar snacks can offer comfort during challenging moments.
  • Dried Apricots: Some trekkers pack these to help stay regular.

Everest Base Camp Kit List

This kit list covers crucial gear beyond clothing and personal items.

  • Trekking Poles: Provide stability and reduce strain.
  • Water Purification Tablets/System: Such as Lifestraw or SteriPEN, for treating drinking water. If trekking with a tour group, water purification may be handled by the crew.
  • Microspikes/Crampons: For the Everest 3 Passes trek or winter departures (November to March) when encountering ice.
  • String: Approximately 6 meters for drying clothes in your room.
  • Spare Boot Laces: Essential for unexpected breakages.
  • Repair Kit: Including gaffer tape to mend torn waterproofs or peeling boot soles.
  • Safety Whistle: Can be attached to a backpack for emergencies.
  • Journal and Pen: For recording experiences and reflections, which can be valuable memories later.

What to pack during colder month trekking

For treks during colder months, such as winter (December to February) or late autumn (November), extra warm layers are crucial. Nighttime temperatures can drop significantly, reaching as low as -10°C.

  • Extra Warm Layers: Add an extra warm item to all key clothing categories.
  • Extra Thermals: Bring an additional set of thermals to have one for walking and one for sleeping.
  • Merino Trekking Socks and Glove Liners: Essential for warmth during colder periods.
  • Warm Sleeping Bag: A sleeping bag rated for cold weather is vital. It’s advisable to get one that can handle even lower temperatures than anticipated.
  • Winter Jacket: A hooded parka weighing between 1.5 and 2.5 pounds is recommended for sufficient warmth; light puffy jackets are often insufficient. Insulated, waterproof, and windproof outer layers are key.
  • Crampons or Chained Spikes: Necessary for winter treks between November and March if you don’t have crampon-compatible boots.

What to pack during Summer month trekking

During spring (March to May), daytime temperatures at lower altitudes can be around 17°C, dropping to 10°C at higher elevations, with nighttime temperatures between -5°C and -10°C. Summer months, particularly in lower regions like Lukla, can be quite warm, even exceeding 20°C.

  • Hiking Shorts: Useful for trekking in summer months.
  • Lighter Walking Socks: In addition to hiking socks.
  • Lightweight and Breathable Clothing: Such as comfortable t-shirts and shorts for warmer sections of the trek.
  • Sunhat or Sports Cap: Especially important to protect from increased UV exposure at higher altitudes, which is 10% higher for every kilometer climbed.

Mount Everest Gear List

The Everest Base Camp trek requires specific gear to handle varying climates and altitudes, but it differs from summiting Mount Everest, so extreme expedition gear is not needed.

Different Gear for Different Months

The time of year significantly influences packing needs, primarily due to temperature variations.

  • Spring (March to May) and Autumn (September to November): These seasons have similar temperatures, with daytime highs ranging from 10°C to 17°C, and nighttime lows from -5°C to -10°C. A Rab Ascent 700 sleeping bag is suitable for May temperatures.
  • Winter (December to February): Temperatures are colder, with daytime highs around 0-10°C and nighttime lows reaching -10°C. A warmer sleeping bag or blankets from lodges are needed. Extra warm layers, an additional set of thermals, merino trekking socks, and glove liners are essential.
  • Summer: Lower altitude areas like Lukla can experience temperatures over 20°C. Hiking shorts and lightweight clothing become more relevant.

Weight Limits on Flights

Strict weight limits are imposed on flights to Lukla, and for porter-carried luggage, making light packing essential.

  • Checked Luggage: Passengers are typically allowed 10 kg (22 lbs) of checked luggage on the flight from Kathmandu to Lukla.
  • Hand Luggage: A hand luggage allowance of 5 kg is common.
  • Total Luggage for Flights: The combined weight of your mountain bag (duffel bag) and day-sack for the Lukla flight is generally 15 kg (33 lbs).
  • Porter-Carried Luggage: Porters typically carry a maximum of 10-15 kg (22-33 lbs) per person in a duffel bag. Some organizations might limit this to 12 kg to ensure porters do not carry more than 20 kg in total.
  • Excess Baggage: While excess baggage can incur an extra fee (around $1 USD per kg), but they only allow for an extra couple of kilos. Any luggage not needed for the trek can often be left at your trip organizer’s base in Kathmandu.

Renting or Buying Gear

Renting or Buying Gear in Thamel

Thamel (Kathmandu’s trekking gear district) is full of shops for rental and purchase. You can rent many items cheaply (e.g. down jackets, sleeping bags, tents) or buy inexpensive gear there. However, quality can vary: many Thamel shops sell knock-offs that may fail in the mountains. Critical items (boots, heavy jackets, sleeping bags) are safer if they are high-quality. Some agencies advise buying key layers or gear before arriving, or renting from reputable outfitters. In addition, many tour operators also offer their own gear rental services for trekkers. If you are trekking with an agency, it is a good idea to ask them for recommendations or rent directly through them, as they often provide better-quality and well-maintained equipment suited for the Everest Base Camp trek.

Approximate Gear Rental and Purchase Costs

  • Sleeping bag rental: $5–$8 per day
  • Down jacket rental: $5–$10 per day.
  • Full gear package: Around $100–$300 for everything (boots, sleeping bag, jacket, etc.).
  • Boots: If you need boots, renting is possible (about $3–$5/day) or buying used boots locally can save money.
  • Clothing: Lightweight thermal layers, base layers, and hiking pants cost more abroad; used or local purchases in Kathmandu are cheaper.
  • Other gear: Headlamps, walking poles, and down sleeping pads can also be rented.

These are ballpark figures. Exchange rates and shop quality vary, so carry some Nepali rupees (NPR) for local deals. Renting is usually safer and cheaper than buying new equipment just for one trek.

Everest Base Camp Packing Tips

Thoughtful packing extends beyond just listing items; it involves strategic considerations for comfort and safety.

  • Organize and compress: Use labeled stuff sacks or packing cubes to sort clothing. Roll items tight to save space. Squeeze air out of sacks by rolling
  • Separate dirty and clean: Keep “lodge clothes” (clean clothes for evenings) in a separate stuff sack or bag, so you don’t mix sweaty hiking clothes with your clean ones.
  • Waterproof your kit: Pack electronics and important documents in dry bags or zip-locks. A waterproof cover for your pack can be lifesaving during rain or river crossings.
  • Bring Zip-locks: Small zip-lock bags are handy for carrying snacks, taking out trash, or keeping used toilet paper on trail.
  • Laundry: You can sometimes do laundry (hand-wash clothes) in Namche Bazaar or Dingboche. Most lower lodges do not offer laundry. Note that wet clothes may not dry in cold weather. Consider carrying a few extra undergarments instead.
  • Merino and synthetics: Invest in Merino wool or high-quality synthetic layers. Merino socks and base layers can be worn several days in a row without smelling, saving on laundry.
  • Break in boots: Wear in your hiking boots on several long walks before the trek to prevent blisters.
  • Pack light: Remember the flight weight limits. Carry multi-use items (e.g. a jacket that is both rainproof and windproof). Leave non-essential “luxuries” (like full-size shampoo) at home.
  • Moisture-Wicking Fabrics: Prioritize synthetic fabrics and merino wool for all layers, including underwear and socks, to keep dry, as cotton retains moisture and can lead to discomfort and cold.
  • Break-in Boots: Wear your hiking boots extensively before the trek to ensure comfort and prevent blisters.
  • Hydration: Stay well-hydrated by regularly sipping water, even before feeling thirsty, as high altitude increases urination and breathing rate, leading to quicker dehydration.
  • Sun Protection: High altitude significantly increases UV exposure. Use broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 40 or 50+ and wear sunglasses even on overcast days or in the shade, as snow reflects up to 80% of UV rays.
  • Hygiene: Carry hand sanitizer and biodegradable wet wipes, especially for periods without access to showers.
  • First Aid: Keep your first aid kit in your daypack for constant access.
  • Journaling: Consider bringing a small journal and pen to document your experiences and reflections.
  • Buffer Days: Incorporate buffer days into your itinerary for unexpected delays or acclimatization.
  • Comfort Items: Breath mints can be helpful, and some believe garlic aids acclimatization.
  • Mindfulness: Embrace the opportunity to disconnect from technology and be present in the experience.

Conclusion

A successful Everest Base Camp trek depends on good planning and packing the right gear. Layered clothing, sturdy footwear, and essential equipment (sleeping bag, down jacket, water purifier, headlamp) form the core of your kit. Adjust your packing for season – more insulation for winter, more rain protection for summer. Keep total weight under airline limits by renting heavy items locally and packing only necessities. Use organizing tips (sacks, zip-locks) to streamline your gear. With the right packing list and preparation, you’ll be ready to focus on the stunning Himalayan scenery and the adventure of the trek. Safe travels and enjoy Everest Base Camp!

FAQs

What are the weight limits for luggage on the flight to Lukla?

The weight limit for checked bags on the flight to Lukla is typically 10 kg, with an additional 5 kg for hand luggage, totaling 15 kg.

Can I rent gear in Kathmandu?

Yes, you can rent a wide range of trekking gear in Kathmandu, especially in the Thamel area, often at very affordable daily rates. It’s recommended to rent through your trip host to ensure authenticity.

Is a sleeping bag liner necessary if I rent a sleeping bag?

Yes, if you rent a sleeping bag, a liner is highly recommended for hygiene. Liners can also provide additional warmth.

What type of clothing is best for layering?

Moisture-wicking base layers made from synthetic materials or merino wool, fleece mid-layers, and waterproof/windproof outer layers are ideal for effective layering.

How much water should I carry during the trek?

You should aim to carry at least two, but ideally three, liters of water, preferably in a hydration bladder for easy access and consistent hydration.

Do I need to bring a sleeping bag or pad?

Yes. Teahouses provide blankets, but they may not be warm or clean enough. It’s safest to bring your own sleeping bag. For most seasons, a bag rated to –10°C to –20°C is recommended. Also bring an insulating sleeping pad for comfort and warmth (rentable or buy). A pillowcase is useful for hygiene.

Should I carry water purification?

Absolutely. Always treat or filter water above the low villages. Carry water purification tablets or a filter. Bottled water in lodges is expensive and not always safe, so purification keeps you healthy and saves money.

What clothing is essential for the trek?

Layering is key. You need: (1) Thermal base layers (long-sleeve top and leggings), (2) Insulating mid-layers (fleece jacket or light down jacket), and (3) Waterproof outer layers (rain jacket and pants). In cold weather, add a heavy down jacket and thicker gloves. Also bring durable hiking pants, several pairs of socks, a warm hat, and a sun hat. Avoid cotton; use quick-dry fabrics. Hiking boots with good ankle support are recommended; you may wear lighter shoes around camp.

How do I prevent altitude sickness?

Acclimatize slowly and stay hydrated. Consider taking Diamox (acetazolamide) after consulting a doctor, as it can help ease altitude sickness symptoms. Climb gradually, taking rest days in places like Namche and Dingboche, and avoid alcohol and dehydration. If you develop headaches or nausea, stop ascending and rest. Trekking with an experienced guide or porter can also help manage altitude.

Is laundry available and should I bring towels?

Laundry service is very limited. Some lodges in Namche and Dingboche will wash clothes, but most do not. Clothes also dry slowly in cold weather. Pack enough underwear and socks to last the trek, and bring a quick-dry towel if you plan to shower (hot water is usually available for a fee in larger villages). Carry extra zip-locks to store used or wet clothes if needed.